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Revista del CESNAV. 2017. Número 4

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    Guerras híbridas
    (Revista del Centro de Estudios Superiores Navales, 2017) Mendoza Cortés, Paloma
    As a consequence of the national security asymmetric threats and the privatization of violence, the Hybrid Warfare (GW4, GW5) are the new form of war conflict that we need to incorporate to the security and defense analysis. Hybrid Warfare are the break of the paradigm about the State´s physical violence legitimate monopoly and postulate the non-state actors emergence and his empowerment, the systematic use of technological advances, democratization of technology, cyberspace and Information Warfare as strategic factors.
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    La exploración espacial: una oportunidad para incrementar el poder nacional del estado mexicano
    (Revista del Centro de Estudios Superiores Navales, 2017) Rivera Parga, José Ramón
    Since the launch of the Sputnik satellite in 1957 by the former Soviet Union, the entire humanity started a space race to which different countries have joined. They have develop science and technology for it, and capabilities that place them in the small circle of nations that have the capability to build, launch and use satellites and space vehicles, providing these services to other countries like ours. Mexico, after the mentioned launching, started studies related to rockets, this created the National Commission of Outer Space in 1962 (CNEE), which was shut down in 1977. Afterwards, in 1987, the Mexican Institute of Communications was created, which also disappeared in 1996. Finally, in 2010, the Mexican Space Agency (AEM) was created; however, we are still dependable of this technology despite these efforts. Our country has the material, financial and human resources necessary to boost space exploration, however, it has not been able to create the necessary synergy to unite efforts of the concerned sectors and with it to boost our country to develop capabilities of space exploration. Space exploration has a direct influence in the National Power of the State, since it is not only about a scientific, industrial and academic activity, but it represents the international panorama. It is an opportunity for Mexico to get involved and to develop new technology that in the short and long term will increase the National Power of the Mexican State, because in the social sphere, it helps to improve quality of life of the population by developing advances in various areas, like medicine, science of materials, telecommunications, etc.; in the political sphere, it helps strengthening relations with other States and the acknowledge of the government and institutions that form the State; in the economic sphere, it contributes to increase productivity of the State, and in the military sphere, it helps to increase capabilities in defense and safety.
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    Los efectos de las estrategias de seguridad de Estados Unidos en América Latina: los retos para México
    (Revista del Centro de Estudios Superiores Navales, 2017) Gallegos Olvera, Jesús
    The goal of this paper is to make an examination from Mexico to the United States of America strategies´ effects during first years of century XXI (the new American century according to William Kristol). The main idea is that USA strategies have been influencing constantly and directly, in differentiated asymmetric frames, into the design of policies regarding defense in Latin America. This fact is done facing current dangers to the world agenda, which is establishing a replacing of priorities and actions of Countries National Security Policies, from a unilateral, multilateral, regional, hemispheric or world point of view.
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    Prospectiva para México como país contribuyente de tropas de las Naciones Unidas y su influencia en la seguridad nacional
    (Revista del Centro de Estudios Superiores Navales, 2017) García Urbina, Rafael Eduardo
    Almost 70 years after signing the Letter of the United Nations as one of its 51 initial Member States, Mexico registers again in the list of contributor countries of troops for the missions of this supervisory body of world peace and collective safety; in compliance to the instructions of the President of the Republic and Supreme Commander of the Mexican Armed Forces, generated by the international perseverance, but above all, according to the fifth goal of the current administration called: «A Mexico with Global Responsibility». However, within the last 12 months before this administration finishes and due to the historical inertia of our country for not participating regularly in this type of operations, it is unknown if Mexico will continue with this contribution to world peace or if it will be canceled by the administration of the future head of the Federal Executive Power, who will take the charge on the first day of December of 2018. The cancelation will not have a direct negative effect in National Security; however, the good image in the international level of Mexico as a country with global responsibility would be affected by the failure of compliance of the commitments acquired with the United Nations (UN) and this will add up to the frequent topics of drug trafficking and insecurity that characterize us in the national or foreign, digital and printed media for more than 10 years. I have to highlight that, even if there is already a planned critical path up to year 2020 (see Annex «A») for the contribution of our Blue Berets. At the end of this article, there are recommendations of actions, and participation alternatives are proposed with the goal to improve the trend scenario and to transform this government policy in a State policy fully approved by the Mexican society1, which will cast a good image of Mexico as a contributor country of troops for the United Nations in the international level.