El terrorismo en el siglo XXI: notas para su discusión
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Date
2020
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Revista del Centro de Estudios Superiores Navales
Abstract
El propósito de este texto es examinar algunos de los criterios connotativos y denotativos del terrorismo, que lo colocan entre las principales amenazas al orden global en el siglo XXI. La idea central establece que después de 18 años de los atentados del 9/11 en el territorio de los Estados Unidos de América, y de múltiples actos de violencia atribuida a grupos calificados como terroristas en todo el mundo (España, Inglaterra, Francia, Rusia, Irak, Sudán, etc.), no existe un consenso universal y permanente sobre la conceptualización del terrorismo. Si bien se han publicado índices que exhiben la complejidad de indicadores y descriptores del fenómeno, no se han establecido aproximaciones que muestren imparcialidad para su tratamiento. A lo anterior se añade una constante en el aumento de la percepción de peligro, el incremento del miedo y la continuidad de un discurso político que sanciona y no ofrece alternativas que vayan al origen del actuar de los múltiples entes que han sido definidos como terroristas. En consecuencia, se encuentran a prueba los límites legales, políticos y éticos en el siglo XXI para entender el terrorismo en los próximos años. La estructura del texto da cuenta del debate conceptual en torno al terrorismo y explicaciones tendientes a sintetizar y ubicar la dirección de las evaluaciones propuestas en diversas latitudes.
The purpose of this text is to analyze some of the connotative and denotative criteria of terrorism, which sets it among the main threats to global order in the 21st Century. The main idea states that 18 years after the 9-11 attacks to U.S. territory, and multiple violent events attributed to groups labeled as terrorists in the whole world (Spain, England, France, Russia, Iraq, Sudan, etc.), there is a lack of universal and permanent consensus related to the conceptualization of terrorism. While some rates that show the complexity of index and descriptors of the phenomenon have been published, estimates that show objectivity for its treatment have not been set. A steadily increase of threat perception is added to the previous, the increase of fear and the continuity of a political discourse that sanctions and does not offer other ways that lead to the origin of actions from several actors, which have been defined as terrorists. Thereupon, legal, political and ethical restrictions in the 21st Century are tested to understand terrorism for the following years. The text’s structure features a conceptual debate surrounding terrorism and explanations with a tendency to synthetize and locate the direction of evaluations proposed in different places.
The purpose of this text is to analyze some of the connotative and denotative criteria of terrorism, which sets it among the main threats to global order in the 21st Century. The main idea states that 18 years after the 9-11 attacks to U.S. territory, and multiple violent events attributed to groups labeled as terrorists in the whole world (Spain, England, France, Russia, Iraq, Sudan, etc.), there is a lack of universal and permanent consensus related to the conceptualization of terrorism. While some rates that show the complexity of index and descriptors of the phenomenon have been published, estimates that show objectivity for its treatment have not been set. A steadily increase of threat perception is added to the previous, the increase of fear and the continuity of a political discourse that sanctions and does not offer other ways that lead to the origin of actions from several actors, which have been defined as terrorists. Thereupon, legal, political and ethical restrictions in the 21st Century are tested to understand terrorism for the following years. The text’s structure features a conceptual debate surrounding terrorism and explanations with a tendency to synthetize and locate the direction of evaluations proposed in different places.
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Keywords
terrorismo, violencia, amenaza, Estados Unidos de América, terrorism, violence, threat, United States of America