¿Son los Estados frágiles una amenaza para la paz?
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Date
2018
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Revista del Centro de Estudios Superiores Navales
Abstract
En el presente artículo se trata de limitar el concepto de Estado fallido en con base a los criterios sobre el gradiente de fortaleza, determinado por las capacidades estructurales y de coerción y el grado de identidad nacional y cohesión social. Se analizan como nivel de medición de la fragilidad y la debilidad de los Estados los datos aportados por las organizaciones internacionales como son el Banco Mundial o Fund for Peace. Se analizan el impacto de la fragilidad de los Estados en su seguridad al enfrentarse a numerosos desafíos derivados como consecuencia de la inestabilidad sociopolítica, de la presencia de grupos de diferente naturaleza que compiten por el poder mediante el uso de la fuerza, y de la incapacidad de sus gobiernos de atender las necesidades básicas de la población y sus reivindicaciones. Finalmente se demuestra lo inapropiado de referirse a México como un Estado fallido, algo muy lejos de responder a la realidad en con base a los datos sobre la fragilidad de los Estados que le coloca en una posición cercana al tercer tercio de la tabla que mide el índice de fragilidad según Fund for Peace (de mayor a menor fragilidad).
In this article we try to limit the concept of a failed state according to the criteria based on the gradient of strength, which is determined by the structural and coercive capacities as well as the national identity degree and social cohesion. The data provided by international organizations such as The World Bank or The Fund for Peace are analyzed as a assessment tool of the fragility and weakness of States. The impact of the fragility of States on their security is analyzed when faced with numerous challenges arising as a consequence of socio-political instability, the presence of groups of different nature competing for power through the use of force, and the incapacity of their governments to meet the basic needs of the population and their demands. Finally, it is shown that it is inappropriate to refer to Mexico as a failed state, something far from responding to reality based on data on the fragility of the States that places it in a position close to the last third of the table
In this article we try to limit the concept of a failed state according to the criteria based on the gradient of strength, which is determined by the structural and coercive capacities as well as the national identity degree and social cohesion. The data provided by international organizations such as The World Bank or The Fund for Peace are analyzed as a assessment tool of the fragility and weakness of States. The impact of the fragility of States on their security is analyzed when faced with numerous challenges arising as a consequence of socio-political instability, the presence of groups of different nature competing for power through the use of force, and the incapacity of their governments to meet the basic needs of the population and their demands. Finally, it is shown that it is inappropriate to refer to Mexico as a failed state, something far from responding to reality based on data on the fragility of the States that places it in a position close to the last third of the table
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Keywords
Estado, coerción, colapso, débil, estructural, fallido, frágil, fuerza, interno, legitimidad, regional, seguridad, violencia, State, coercion, collapse, weak, structural, failed, fragile, force, internal, legitimacy, regional, security, violence