Disposiciones jurídicas aplicables para suprimir los actos ilícitos en contra de la navegación marítima, tanto en aguas nacionales como internacionales
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Date
2022
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Revista del Centro de Estudios Superiores Navales
Abstract
En México, los actos ilícitos en contra de la navegación marítima se consideran como una amenaza a la seguridad nacional, entre ellos se encuentran: el terrorismo marítimo, la piratería y el robo a mano armada en el mar. La Organización Marítima Internacional (OMI) distingue entre estos conceptos. No obstante, el razonamiento jurídico para vincular las disposiciones internacionales con la legislación nacional algunas veces no parece muy claro. Con el potencial resurgimiento de estos ilícitos, principalmente en la Sonda de Campeche, se vuelve necesario, no solo identificar y actualizar los instrumentos internacionales que el Estado mexicano se ha obligado a cumplir, sino también ocuparse de su adecuada ejecución mediante la coordinación interinstitucional. De igual manera, se requiere de la observación puntual de las orientaciones y recomendaciones que realiza la OMI, con el fin de establecer una política clara en la materia, incluyendo el empleo de Personal Privado de Protección Armado (PPPA) a bordo de los buques. Este artículo proporciona los elementos de juicio necesarios para una toma de decisiones, sin ambigüedades, teniendo en mente el «cómo sí» partiendo del principio general de derecho que dicta: «Donde no hay ambigüedad, no cabe interpretación».
Unlawful acts against the safety of maritime navigation are a national security issue in Mexico. Among them are maritime terrorism, piracy, and armed robbery at sea. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) distinguishes between these concepts. However, the legal reasoning for linking international provisions with national legislation sometimes seems difficult to understand. With the potential resurgence of these crimes, mainly at the Bay of Campeche, it becomes necessary not only to identify and update international instruments that the Mexican State is bound to comply, but also to deal with the properly interagency implementation. Similarly, it is necessary to observe IMO guidelines and recommendations to establish clear policies, including for the service of privately contracted armed security personnel (PCASP) on board ships. This article provides the necessary elements for decisionmaking, without ambiguities, keeping in mind «the way to do it», based on the general rule of law that dictates: «Where there is no ambiguity, there is no room for interpretation».
Unlawful acts against the safety of maritime navigation are a national security issue in Mexico. Among them are maritime terrorism, piracy, and armed robbery at sea. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) distinguishes between these concepts. However, the legal reasoning for linking international provisions with national legislation sometimes seems difficult to understand. With the potential resurgence of these crimes, mainly at the Bay of Campeche, it becomes necessary not only to identify and update international instruments that the Mexican State is bound to comply, but also to deal with the properly interagency implementation. Similarly, it is necessary to observe IMO guidelines and recommendations to establish clear policies, including for the service of privately contracted armed security personnel (PCASP) on board ships. This article provides the necessary elements for decisionmaking, without ambiguities, keeping in mind «the way to do it», based on the general rule of law that dictates: «Where there is no ambiguity, there is no room for interpretation».
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Keywords
terrorism, piracy, unlawful acts, sea, interagency, legislation, terrorismo, piratería, robo, mar, interinstitucional, legislación